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Land warfare or ground warfare is the process of military operations eventuating in combat that takes place predominantly on the battlespace land surface of the Earth.
Land warfare is categorized by the use of large numbers of combat personnel employing a diverse set of combat skills, methods and a wide variety of weapon systems and equipment, conducted in diverse and weather environments. Land warfare, by virtue of being conducted in defence of urban and rural population areas, dominates the study of military history, and is a focus for most national defence policy planning and financial considerations.
Military history has undergone several distinct transitions in conduct from a large concentration of largely untrained and irregularly armed populace used in to current employment of combined arms concepts with highly trained regular troops using a wide variety of organisational, weapon and information systems, and employing a variety of strategic, operational and tactical doctrines.
Although land combat in the past was conducted by the combat arms of the armed forces, since World War II it has largely involved three distinct types of combat units: infantry, Armoured forces, and artillery. These arms, since the Age of Sail, have used amphibious warfare concepts and methods to project power from the and , and since the wide introduction of military transport aircraft and have used airborne forces and vertical envelopment to the variety of doctrines used to prosecute warfare on land.
Examples of combat vehicles include main battle tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, and self-propelled artillery.
This term includes coastal artillery which traditionally defended coastal areas against seaborne attack and controlled the passage of ships using their ability to deny access through the threat of coastal fire. It also includes land-based field artillery. With the advent of powered flight at the start of the 20th century, artillery also included ground-based anti-aircraft batteries.
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